Narrative Reviews
Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Image: Shutterstock / Noppadon Seesuwan
General
General
- Trebicka. Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2025;122(4):96-102
- Karvellas. Management of the acute on chronic liver failure in the intensive care unit. Liver Int 2025;45(3):e15659
- Goran. Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Steps Towards Consensus. Diagnostics 2025;15(6):751
- Haider. From Critical Care to Transplant: Enhancing Outcomes in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Curr Hepatology Rep 2025;24:9
- Saner. Navigating the Labyrinth: Intensive Care Challenges for Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. J Clin Med 2024;13(2):506
- Pearson. Decompensated liver cirrhosis. Anaesth Intensive Care Med 2024;25(1):42-47
- Luo. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: far to go-a review. Crit Care 2023;27(1):259
- Kumar. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: Terminology, mechanisms and management. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023;29:670-689
- Karvellas. Management of the acute on chronic liver failure in the intensive care unit. Liver Int 2023;epublished June 27th
- Luo. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: far to go—a review. Crit Care 2023;27:259
Prognostication
Background
Pathophysiology
Immunology
- Li. Immunological Mechanisms and Effects of Bacterial Infections in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Cells 2025;14(10):718
- Engelmann. Mechanisms of immunity in acutely decompensated cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure. Liver Int 2025;45(3):e15644
- Artru. Immunopathogenesis of acute on chronic liver failure. Am J Transplant 2024;24(5):724-732
- Engelmann. Mechanisms of immunity in acutely decompensated cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure. Liver Int 2023;epublished June 27th
Metabolism
- Zhang. Metabolic Dysregulation and Metabolite Imbalances in Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure: Impact on Immune Status. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2024;12(10):865-877
- Clària. Roles of systemic inflammatory and metabolic responses in the pathophysiology of acute-on-chronic liver failure. JHEP Rep 2023;5(9):100807
Conditions
Complications
Acute Kidney Injury
Hyperammonaemia
Monitoring & Investigations
Scoring Systems
Therapies
General
Extracorporeal Support
Renal Replacement Therapy
Liver Transplantation
- L’Hermite. Liver transplantation in the context of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF): where do we stand in 2025?. Transpl Int 2025;38:14752
- Kulkarni. Liver transplantation for acute liver failure and acute-on-chronic liver failure. Am J Transplant 2024;24(11):1950-1962
- Choudhury. Liver Transplantation in Chronic Liver Disease and Acute on Chronic Liver Failure- Indication, Timing and Practices. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2024;14(3):101347
- Sacleux. How to Optimize the Results of Liver Transplantation for Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Life (Basel) 2023;13(5):1152
Last updated January 25th, 2026